My Inspiration on my life Essay

As I thought of who I admired most and was successful at their job, I began to think of famous people and people involved in my academic and athletic careers. I realized that I was looking at the wrong people in my life. These people have passed through my life, yet the person who had the most impact was one who affected me every day. My mother, by far, has had the greatest impact on my life and I admire her far more than anyone else. Her heart and determination are something that I can only hope that I too will someday have. The reason my mom is successful at her job and I admire her so much is that, without her I would not be able to do the basic things that I do today. She taught me so much and has had a huge impact on my life. My mother may not be the top of the charts at her job that she works on the week days (Working at the Pentagon), but she over achieves in her job of being a mom. She is successful at her job because she was able to raise my sister and me to be the people we are today, from the very beginning of our life to now. I have watched her struggle with running a household, giving my sister and me rides, and working every week at her job. I did not realize as a young child how much courage, strength, and determination it took to take on this work. She never hesitated to drop everything to rush my sister and me to dance, soccer, church, or wherever we needed to go. I could always look up from the sidelines of a game to see her cheering me on. She has never given up on me and she always tries her hardest to do what’s best for me. I admire my mom far more than anyone because even though she might have been having the busiest day of her life, she always somehow made time for family. She also taught me that if you believe in yourself you can achieve anything. She would push me harder to help me accomplish my goals and she taught me to do things with 110% effort. My mom has shown me that with determination and perseverance one can accomplish a nything. I have seen my mother give up as she struggled to be a better person, raise a family, and work a job, but she has always supported me in all my choices. She strived to make my sister and me strong people with independent minds. I look to her in hopes that someday I will be as happy, as strong, and as well-spoken as her. She has taught me the most important thing in life – never give up on your dreams. I thank her dearly for helping me become who I am today. I would have never made it as far as I have without her help. Read more:Â  The person I admire essay example

Hyundai: A Global Success Story

The automotive industry is among the largest and most global sectors in the world. Any shift in the automotive industry has consequences for firms around the globe. Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) is a rising star in the global automotive industry. South Korea's number one carmaker, HMC produces about a dozen models of cars and minivans, as well as trucks, buses, and other commercial vehicles (www.hyundai-motor.com). Popular exported models are the Accent, Elantra, and Sonata. The Korean firm has managed to internationalize successfully seemingly against all odds.The Car Industry on a Global ArenaWith many competitors battling for market share, car makers such as Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Hyundai, General Motors, Ford, DaimlerChrysler, Renault, and Volkswagen operate on relatively thin margins. The automotive industry has been suffering from excess production capacity. Although there is a capacity to produce 80 million cars globally, total global demand runs at only about 60 million a year. Thus, car manufacturers typically employ only 75 percent of their production capacity.However the car industry is extremely capital intensive and, with so much competition, firms should use at least 80 percent of their production capacity in order to remain competitive. It is tough to stay afloat under such competitive conditions and the industry has seen numerous mergers and acquisitions in recent years. Consolidation has occurred between Ford and Land Rover, Jaguar and Volvo, and DaimlerBenz with Chrysler, to name a few.South Korea and the Auto IndustryAgainst this background, HMC has faced various mishaps. The South Korean economy endured a recession in the late 1990s as a result of the Asian Monetary Crisis. The economy comprises numerous family-owned conglomerates, or chaebol. The combined sales of the nation’s five major chaebols — Hyundai, Samsung, Daewoo, LG, and SK – amounted to roughly 40 percent South Korea’s GDP and total exports. Over time, these giant firms expanded rapidly, borrowing from their own banks to finance often reckless expansion into unrelated industries. Financial blunders led the Korean government to  impose greater transparency and more stringent accounting controls.In the automotive industry, Kia Motors, Korea’s third largest maker went bankrupt and Daewoo was sold off to General Motors. While domestic demand in South Korea is some two million cars, total productive capacity had reached five million. Exporting was a necessity. HMC’s debt burden had reached five times its equity, and the firm was suffering massive losses. The future was very uncertain. HMC was using less than 40 percent of its total production capacity, with a debt of around $30 billion. In 1998, HMC took control of Kia, becoming the South Korea’s biggest car maker and holding three-quarters of its domestic car market as well as passing Japan’s Mitsubishi and Suzuki in world ranking.Early Internationalizati on EffortsChung Ju Yung was HMC’s founder. A workaholic from a peasant background, at age 85, Mr. Chung was determined to return HMC to profitability. All his life, whenever he set his mind on something, he would always found a way to achieve it. The Hyundai conglomerate was founded in 1947 in the construction industry, and over the next fifty Mr. Chung expanded his dynasty into car manufacturing, oil refining, electronics, banking, and insurance. HMC was founded in 1967. Mr. Chung passed on his ‘never-give-up’ values to his son, Chung Mong Koo, who took over as Chairman in 1998. The younger Mr. Chung was very detail oriented, and attached great importance to producing quality products. He is often quoted as saying: â€Å"Quality is crucial to our survival. We have to get it right, no matter the cost.†In the late 1970s, HMC had begun an aggressive effort to develop engineering capabilities and new designs. In 1983 HMC started its Canadian operation, the fi rm’s first foreign investment venture. But the operation proved unprofitable and was shut down after only four years. Despite this disastrous outcome, HMC management learned a great deal from the experience.Instead of FDI, HMC began exporting to the U.S. market with the Excel as an economical brand with a $4,995 price tag. The car was soon a big success with exports rising to 250,000 units per year. Unfortunately, various  problems emerged: the Excel was perceived as a low-quality car and the weak dealer network was not producing enough sales. Consumers were losing faith in Hyundai and the firm’s brand equity began to deteriorate. The U.S. is the largest car market in the world and management had to do something drastic to turn things around.Ultimately SuccessfulIn response to complaints about product quality, HMC introduced a â€Å"10 year warranty† program. The rationale was that, in order to erase any negative image, management had to go beyond the typical guarantee period and offer a very substantial warranty. The strategy was a major turning point for Hyundai, and the firm set about designing and building cars based on much higher quality standards. While still maintaining low prices, HMC was able, over time, to provide substantially extra value to consumers.Another major step was geographical diversification. Putting lessons from the failed Canadian investment into practice, HMC built a factory in Turkey in 1997, in India in 2000, (with second plant in 2007), and in China in 2002. The main advantage of these plants is the inexpensive, high quality labor available at these locations. The Turkish plant gave HMC a foothold in the Middle East, a market it wants to develop. Turkey’s proximity to Western Europe is also a major advantage. In 2006, HMC had more than ten production plants in locations such as Taiwan, Vietnam, Iran, Sudan, and Venezuela. HMC’s first U.S. plant opened in Alabama in May 2005, with an investment o f $1.1 billion and annual production of 300,000 cars.Automotive industry labor costs make up only 10 percent of total operational costs. In order to be able to gain a competitive edge, therefore, not only must HMC seek out cheap labor, it must also source from locations that can supply low-cost input good (such as engines, tires, car electronics, etc.). The cost-effectiveness of suppliers is a life and death matter in the global automotive industry. HMC is cooperating with DaimlerChrysler to develop new technologies and improved supply chain management. Projects include a new four-cylinder engine and a joint purchasing plan.By investing in Kia, HMC gained access to the firm’s competitive advantages in R&D and production. During its lifetime, Kia had managed to acquire a substantial base of highly knowledgeable workers, engineers, and design staff. Together, the two firms achieved synergies and economies of scale in R&D, engineering, purchasing, quality control, and marketing. HMC also invested in R&D centers in North America, Japan, and Europe.HMC TodayHyundai has been the world’s fastest growing major automaker since 1999. Sales in the U.S. increased by 360 percent from 1998 to 2004. HMC’s growth is coming from international markets. These days the firm generates about a third of its sales from North America and 10 percent from Europe. The firm’s profit margins are among the highest in the industry, worldwide. It has won numerous quality assurance prizes from reliable organizations such as Consumer Reports, J. D. Power and Associates, and the 2005 Total Quality Study. Chairman Chung was named one of most successful businessmen in the world by Business Week magazine.HMC invests heavily in various value-chain activities. It utilizes FDI to develop key operations around the world. Management chooses foreign locations based on the advantages they can bring to the firm’s global business. R&D is targeted to developing safer, more convenient automobiles of superior quality. HMC is developing environmentally-friendly technologies that emphasize fuel efficiency. HMC conducts market research to help with choosing designs, as well as interior and exterior styling of automobiles.HMC aims to become one of the top five global car manufacturers by 2010. Hyundai plans to have a 20 percent share of the Chinese market. To that end the automaker has signed a $1.24 billion joint venture with Guangzhou Motor Group, giving HMC access to the commercial-vehicle market in China. With 1.3 billion people increasingly anxious to buy passenger cars and trucks, China will be a major market for HMC. The firm benefits from its proximity to China and management’s understanding of the Chinese culture. Chung Ju Yung’s ‘can do’ spirit prevails throughout the entire HMC network.

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Motivation - Essay Example The job enrichment of individuals in organizational premises is a factor of concern for the workers welfare that deals in motivational duties and a sense of promoting their working existence. Job enrichment is used when management wants to motivate employees so that they can be more productive. Job enlargement entails adding tasks and assigning more promotes duties to the existing job description. Job enlargement works on the basis of equal and fair distribution of tasks in an entrepreneurship systems. This aspect of managerial skills is a fundamental productive approach to successful business. Job enlargement is used so when management wants to increase employee productivity by assigning them more tasks so that they are occupied and they work hard. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is a clear description on the fundamental human requirements that are universal. Maslow’s Hierarchy principal is demonstrative and has a categorical chain of procedure. The complete Maslow’s Hierarchy demands a protocol path that is demonstrative of the basic needs. According to the law, the fundamental requirement demands a complete execution of the basic wants before the principal is approached (Mantel, 214). Maslow’s Hierarchy entails: 2. Safety level- During this context, the workers safety is guaranteed by the employers or the management team. The management works on promoting the basic security concerns and handles health, financial and emotional well being of the employees. 3. The sense of belonging- This principal touches on individual identification aspects to groups, societies or class. The employees would want to fit into a recognizable community depending on their categorical similarities (Mantel, 214). The organization or the employers would engage on competitive events, organize job trips and take part in team work involving activities that will instill the sense of togetherness and eventually promote the love between workers. 4. Esteem- This is

The Relationship Between Soil Properties and Soil Erodibility Essay

The Relationship Between Soil Properties and Soil Erodibility - Essay Example It has the largest water holding capacity which helps to absorb water during the rain and helps in reducing soil erosion (Genna Dunjo Denti,2004, p.125). Soil aggregates are group of soil particles that are bonded together strongly to each other than to the adjacent particles with the help of organic matter. The space between the aggregates provides pore space for retention and exchange of air and water. Desirable aggregates are stable against rainfall. When less organic matter is used to bind these aggregates, due to rainfall these aggregates break down and leads to soil crust formation, this crust in turn increases the infiltration and air permeability, this in turn disturbs the surface soil and sub-soil structure. Thus inclusion of organic matter aids in the formation of stable aggregates and strengthen them. They also increase the porosity of the soil for air and water movement. Thus aggregating helps in reducing soil erosion. As the strength aggregates depends on the organic matter, since the organic matter acts as a binder to the aggregates. Hence weakening of this bond due to frequent tillage ultimately breaks down the aggregate structure of surface soil (Rachman, Anderson, Gantzer and Thompson, 2004, p. 31). Splash erosion is the removal of sand by impact of raindrops on the soil surface, this is also known as soil splash detachment (Jean Poesen, Gerard Govers(2001), p.1,2). If the soil is loose and friable, it has the maximum water holding capacity. This water holding capacity of soil stops soil erosion due soil splash detachment. If the soil is too loose it is very much prone to both the wind and water erosion. Wind erosion includes moving of the soil particles due to wind velocity and when these moved soil particles collide with the other particles and break them .If this continues then the soil is eroded by the wind. Wind also makes some soil particles to remain suspend in air and stay there till the wind continues leading to erosion. Water erosion mainly removes the soil particles by force of water and loss of various soil particles into ground water through infiltration. This leads to rapid dry out of soil due to lack of moisture holding capacity and leachate of minerals and other desirable elements. If the soil is dense, more overland flow may increase the erosion rate (Dr.Cooper, 2005, chapter-2). Soil Color Soil color is one of the physical indicators of soil condition. Soil color is most easily determined characteristic and helps in determining the other characteristics of soil like water-able depth and chemical constituents. Surface soil Surface-soil is the top most layer of the soil and is in interference with the atmosphere. This soil comprises of the organic matter such as manure and dead plants

China is more important to the USA's national interest than Taiwan Research Paper

China is more important to the USA's national interest than Taiwan - Research Paper Example It was able to make Wake Island to be its territory in 1900 and soon started to build the Panama Canal. All these were aided by Taiwan and the navy of the US continued to expand to a state whereby by the end of the Second World War, no nation would compare or compete with the navy. Taiwan has also aided in the building of the economic relations in the United States. Despite this however, China is considered to be more important than Taiwan and has been regarded to as an obstacle to building of the relationship between China and the United States (Copper, 2011). The first reason that supports the argument of China being more important to interest of the United States than Taiwan emanates from the fact that China has maintained a steady increase in the political as well as the economic growth. This has increased the political and economic influence that it has on the other nations. China has been rated as being the third largest exporting and importing country in the global market at the beginning of twenty first century and the fourth largest in the economic rating. It therefore comes after United States, Japan and Germany. It is also among the top three states that are highly involved in foreign direct investment in the global market. It has also acquired more benefits from globalization than any other country in the world and this is evidenced by the share of the market it has in the global market. Its annual growth for exports averaged 4.5 percent while the country that followed attained only 1.8 percent and this was the United States. T he Gross Domestic Product of China has also been observed to grow at a higher rate compared to the other developing countries. China has focused on ways of improving its performance in the global market and in this respect has considered the importance of liberalization and has encouraged economic integration by focusing on the involving the private and public investments. It has improved its

Source evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Source evaluation - Essay Example study were subjected to writing as well as reading assessments and the parents were given a set of questionnaires to fill in information regarded their views on video games. The parents were to do some analysis as well as to take up roles in the study behavior of their children as to see if what they had been instructed to undertake were actually true over a period of four months. (Weis, Robert, and Brittany C. Cerankosky, 12-17). They then filled in another set of questionnaire at the end of the four months and those results were heavily relied upon by the two psychologists to come up with their final analysis and conclusion. The study revealed that young boys who did not own video games put their parents under pressure to buy them such items. Upon receiving them, they become their main source of addiction. They noted that boys who had acquired the system began to register low academic performance in schools. Their research proved that video games were not appropriate among school going boys who could no longer concentrate in their studies thus having lower reading and writing scores. Video games have caused a displacement in the after-school activities such as artistic games that had a lot of positive impact on the academic performance of students. This book is of great importance to this research owing to the fact that it expands on the role of video games on academic performance among children. The article was published in Sage on 18th February 2010 which makes it very relevant for the purpose of this study. They developed an understanding on the correlation between playing of violent video games and violent antisocial behavior in the society. The book considers how playing video games may lead to children and the youth acquiring violent attitudes. The relationship between the two variables is best evident among children who spent a lot of time playing the games. There are fewer factors to cause alarm in the video gaming industry provided that adequate steps

Which non-war law enacted by the US Congress was most important Essay

Which non-war law enacted by the US Congress was most important - Essay Example Congress enacted for the initial purpose of discouraging acts of insurrection which supported the Confederacy. President Abraham Lincoln was reluctant at first to approve the act in 1861, considering impracticalities in view of the former triumphs and spirit of the secessionists to sustain the old slaveholding tradition. It gradually served him, nevertheless, a foresight that confiscation of properties by the federal government could make ends meet in resolving to abolish and keep black slavery from use for rebellion upon employment to labor by the federal authority. Alongside the militia act, in the findings of J. McPherson, the author explicates â€Å"one section of the confiscation act authorized the president to employ contrabands for the suppression of the rebellion ‘in such manner as he may judge best’† (McPherson 378). Though such did not necessitate for the president to recruit black soldiers, somewhere, the substance of the act brought Lincoln to ponder o n what could be more sensibly and productively achieved. When blacks were charged with military duties – he pondered as though he was inclined to prefer registration of the colored men for labor in that manner so that they may divert services, originally possessed by their previous masters, to the government honoured by the Union. In a way, hence, the permission of the law of confiscation enabled slaves to be identified as contrabands, nullifying ownerships by slave bearers in the seceded states. To analyze, the act seemed flexible and its implication at this stage leads to manifestation of liberty that it could well be a strategic move to make southern rebels account for new perspectives in treating the essence of revolution. Apparently, confiscation acts became altogether a driving force for Lincoln in his pursuit of enlisting black soldiers that, in one of his conversations with a military governor, he expressed â€Å"The colored population is the great available and yet unavailed of, force for restoring the Union† (379). His motivation, as such, stirred further interests in his administration to support him as he managed to realize probable competencies of the black laborers in a number of aspects as â€Å"troops to garrison forts, protect supply dumps and wagon trains, and perform rear-area duties† (380). Hence, designating the colored men for these functions could be perceived as an indirect approach of possibly easing racial discrimination as blacks blended with the whites in order for the whites to be relieved of exhaustive menial tasks since able-bodied negroes may come to their aid to save energy and other crucial resources necessary for the Union to cope with the demands of the civil war. This was especially an advantage for, at the time, a militia draft was ordered by the government to address the scarcity of the volunteering northern whites. By 1862, several Republicans particularly the radicals among them sought to enlist bla cks, or the confiscated contrabands, to be armed for a dual cause of helping the Union by turning them against the confederate south as well as stimulating their hope of being delivered from the unwanted bondage to oppression and social injustice through combative efforts. When the law took effect, the system governed by confiscation acts, however, exhibited unequal wages – a feature of an unpleasant outcome yet despite which, colored regiments proceeded to operate â€Å"as labor battalions to dig trenches, load and unload supplies, and perform heavy fatigue duty for white troops†

Design study on, HER2 overexpression and HER2 glycobiology changes Essay

Design study on, HER2 overexpression and HER2 glycobiology changes - Essay Example In the last years, multiple attempts have been conducted to develop strategies that could actually determine the over-expression of HER 2 positive breast cancer indicators in secondary breast cancer cell line compared to the primary cell line expression and the glycosylation process changes connected. In this regard, breast cancer lines have significantly been used to investigate the cancer pathobiology for new emerging therapies thereby identifying the cancer oncogenesis as a molecular heterogeneous disease (Schwab & Thomson Gale 2008). HER2 over-expression in metastatic breast cancer and O-Glycan changes exhibition has been used in invasive breast cancer in conjunction with the therapy involved for the illness. Therefore, HER-2 issues in metastatic versus primary breast cancer overexpression are associated with the HER-2-positive discovered disorder (Tavani, 2006). The increased prominence of HER-2 overexpression accompanied by glycosylation changes has increased interest in Breast cancer pathobiology researchers and academic learners to focus mainly on the basic theories and explanations for the origin and therapies for this particular condition. Many authors claim that the HER-2 oncogenes have been found to encode a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that is responsible as the central classifier for the targeted therapy and invasive breast cancer disease (Jo & Zeon, 2015). On a broad analysis, the immunohistochemistry, fluorescence and chromogenic in-situ hybridization and the major marketed slide-based HER-2 methods are presented and contrasted broadly against the fundamental background of the HER-2 testing guideline testing (American Society of Clinical Oncology–College of American Pathologists guidelines). The over-expression of the HER2 receptor and glycosylation changes associated with breast cancer

Reflective writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Reflective writing - Essay Example Each one of them has its importance to understand the whole concept of human health (Jasper, 2003). Each of those subjects has their different goals to make a student understand the objectives in a specific way. For example, I learnt the significance of blood tests and its relation with the physiology of the patient. I learnt about various diseases and disorders in my patients through in-depth study of pathology. During my course of studies, I have observed that sometimes nurses can unearth what a doctor fails to discover within a patient. Clinical experience further polishes a student. It enables a nurse to understand the practical and research based approach of this profession (Neal, 2003). During my course of studies, I have learnt the role and responsibilities assigned to a nurse in a typical healthcare setting. Nurses are focused to deliver quality care services to the patient. Nurses are the key persons behind formulating a care plan for the patient. My courses have enabled me to become a bridge between a patient and a doctor. My studies have helped to develop a sheer knowledge on different diseases and how a doctor responds to his patient (it also includes the treatment), knowledge on different kinds of drugs, knowledge of nursing care and how as a nurse I have to respond to my patients. My studies have also taught me how to make the decisions as a nurse, how to respond to your setting and how to prioritize and organize your responsibilities. In my opinion, nursing is an art as well as a science. It is an art as it helps me as a nurse to seek different innovative ways to provide care to my patients emotionally and physically as well as it becomes a science when I have to treat my patients using different medical techniques and drugs. Basic nursing techniques are the core of this course which were taught to me in the most professional manner. During the years of progressing as a professional nurse, I have witnessed that it is important for a nurse to deve lop therapeutic relations with the patients. For a nurse, it is highly important to maintain a close relation with the patients based on trust and respect (McHugh, 2000). Secondly, as a professional nurse I believe that nurses should know the art of communication and interaction with their patients. My course subject related to the study of behavioral sciences and human psychology has helped me to interact, understand and communicate effectively with my patients. It is important that nurses should focus on their interaction and communication skills when establishing therapeutic relations with the patients. According to Cutcliff (2005), nurses should emphasize on establishing increased interactions with their patients which as a result, increases their confidence, independence and competency as a professional nurse. As a result, as a professional nurse and a part of quality healthcare system, I am more focused on developing communication and interpersonal skills with my patients and their families. I have observed that patients feel more relax and confident with those nurses who make them feel comfortable even in pain and suffering. To make a patient trust you, it is highly important that you should know the art of communication which will help you to secure the trust of your patients (Nichols, 1993). As a professional nurse, I believe that there is a need to focus more on how the relationship between a patient and a

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Annotated Bibliography

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - Annotated Bibliography Example in-reuptake inhibitors on (OCD) are adequate to deduce that a serotonin regulatory disorder is the most vital piece of the pathophysiology of OCD (2011). However, patients with OCD will require a high dosage of serotonin-reuptake inhibitor monotherapy. This may sometimes not be ample, and about half of patients are resistant to the treatment. The author states that previous studies indicate positive treatment reaction to dopaminergic antagonists. He infers that other neurotransmitter structures, like dopamine, are implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD. Evidence from Preclinical, neuroimaging and neurochemical researches demonstrates that the dopaminergic system is concerned in stirring up or infuriating indications pinpointing presence of OCD. The article reviews the dopaminergic system in OCD pathophysiology while reviewing the outcome of drugs that act on dopaminergic activity in OCD. Barrett PM, Farrell L, Pina AA, Peris TS, Piacentini J. (2008).Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 237:131–155. In this article, the authors state that the development of fear habituation and disappearance are thought to be related to the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. This includes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The articles reports adjustments of auditory P50 suppression in human beings fear conditioning and extinction in fit control subjects. Furthermore, they report that P50 suppression in fear extinction is impaired in patients with OCD. The report explores investigations on the association between sensory gating and fear conditioning. Sensory gating mechanisms may be physiologically associated with fear conditioning, and OCD may involve abnormal sensory gating in fear extinction (Barret et al, 2008). Bloch, M. H., Williams, K and Pittenger, C. (2011). Glutamate abnormalities in obsessive

Leadership-Development Programs Essay Example for Free

Leadership-Development Programs Essay 1.0 Background At the senior executive staff meeting of August 1, 2012, the director of operations suggested that Cliffside Holding Company of Massapequa (CHCM) establish a leadership-development program to prepare junior financial executives for future advancement into executive positions. Specifically, the proposal was to send 20 employees off-site each year for a three-week program offered by the Aspen Leadership Institute of Colorado at a cost of $5,000.00 USD per student. The total cost to CHCM would be $100,000.00 per year plus approximately the same amount for lost time on the job. 2.0 Discussion CHCM has been in business for over 50 years. Our average growth rate is 12% per annum. None of our twelve senior executives has attended a leadership development seminar and yet our company has been prosperous. This calls into question whether a leadership development program is even necessary. Moreover, since our leadership has been successful and effective without  such programs it appears that leaders are born, not made. In fact, I surveyed your senior staff and all but one agreed with this notion. To quote the famous economist Dr. Irwin Corey, each of us is â€Å"born into this world accompanied by a rich, psychical disposition, which furnishes him ready-made all his motivations of conduct†¦He can show a demand for nothing that is not prompted by this galaxy of instincts.† The online reference site Wikipedia defines leadership as â€Å"the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others.† There exists an entire school of leadership theory which holds that leaders have certain traits in common. Winston Churchill, Mother Theresa, Martin Luther King, Jr. – all possessed such leadership traits as ambition, self-confidence, and intelligence. These cannot be learned; they are innate. Two well-respected research studies that support the notion that personality traits can predict leadership were published in the Journal of Applied Psychology and in the Leadership Quarterly. In my own experience, I’ve also noted that a tall physical stature is possessed by leaders. Certainly no one can increase his or her heightit is determined by genetics. Note the heights of some of the greatest leaders in United States history in the table, below. Source: http://www.laughtergeneology.com , http://www.imdb.com and http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1682433/bio In fact, all members of your senior staff are over six feet tall with one exception: Ms. Florence Forsythe, the person advocating leadership development training. Moreover, I am suspect as to her intentions. Is it possible that she may covet my position as the human resources VP? Or is she motivated by the liberal notion that all citizens of a free nation have the right to pursue education and can achieve anything they desire? I suspect she is motivated by both personal gain and bleeding-heart liberal intentions. Once we start sending some people for leadership training, we will start getting numerous requests for expensive training that we simply cant afford. Regardless, if we spend our money on leadership development, we will not have enough to spend on recruitment. And, from the discussion above, it would be more logical to select and recruit those with leadership traits than to try and develop those who are not. Moreover, if we spend money sending the wrong people to leadership training, the whole program will be a waste of money. There are plenty of people who are already leaders; we don’t need to â€Å"train† those who are not. 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendation I speak for truth and common sense. CHCM should not invest in the proposed initiative to send its junior executives for annual leadership training. Leadership development programs are wasteful because the money is not well-spent. The advocate of this idea, Ms. Forsythe, is not really concerned about developing leaders for Cliffside Holding Co. Instead, Ms. Forsythe has a personal agenda to discredit me personally and push the theories of the Aspen Institute. As VP of Human Resources, I dont think  those theories are appropriate for the culture of CHCM.

Psychoanalytic Case Study of Preston Essay Example for Free

Psychoanalytic Case Study of Preston Essay Preston was concerned over his aggressive behavior towards other males in and outside of the home. He had frequent altercations with his brother, both of whom lived with their parents. Preston was adopted at a very young age. This was a major cause of his recent issues. He feared that his emotions would progressively get worse, and that something detrimental would happen. In accordance with psychoanalysis, Preston was allowed to explore these issues through free association. Preston was shown that his subconscious had been concealing issues related to his early adoption. Preston was shown constructive ways to deal with these issues. Preston continues to make progress in this area, and is exhibiting less signs of his previous issues. Psychoanalytic Case Study of: Preston A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan The individual in this case study presents a multitude of symptoms that are affecting his daily life. The individual has many factors from his childhood that would contribute to these issues. This study goes to show how the subject’s childhood has a direct relationship to the issues that he is currently experiencing. The identification of these issues is necessary in order for treatment to be successfully implemented. Presenting Concerns Preston presents himself as suffering from multiple issues that affect his daily life. He claims to have issues with forming any relationships with other males. He states that he is overtly competitive when dealing with these other males. His biggest issues arise when dealing with his brother. Preston was adopted at a very young age, and has always had issues getting along with this brother. This aggression has moved from just dealing with his brother to all males in general. There have been instances where the police have been involved in altercations that Preston has had at home. He fears that this will continue until he is arrested outside of the home. Preston still lives with both of his adopted parents and his brother. Preston has stated that he is constantly vying for his parents’ attention, and his aggression increases whenever someone else is monopolizing their time. He does not feel that he will always become violent, but that his anxiety is constantly increasing in situations such as this. He is afraid that his frustration and need to outdo others will end very negatively. Case Conceptualization It appears that one of Preston’s main issues is that of Displacement. According to Murdock (2013), this occurs when a subject shows anger towards someone who is less dangerous than the real cause of an issue (p. 40). Preston shows that he has issues in dealing with the fact that he still lives at home with his parents. He verbally abuses those that he sees as â€Å"better† than him. Preston does not wish to abuse himself over this issue. So, he abuses others that he believes will accept the abuse. He seems to blame others for whatever failings he has in life. He takes his frustrations out on whoever is the most convenient to him. This involves rage towards his brother, as well as friends of his parents. The fact that Preston was adopted as such an early age raises the issue of attachment bonds as well. It appears that Preston may have become overly attached to his adopted parents. Much of this may have to do with the way that they raised him. His parents were very protective, and would cater to his every need. This seems to have created a kind of subconscious reliance on his parents, and the need for their constant approval. This leads to the constant need for their attention as well as the need to outdo peers. The aggressiveness towards peers does not seem to have started until Preston was old enough to identify that was adopted. He seemed to be displacing fear that his current parents would abandon him onto others. This is the main subconscious issue that is affecting Preston. His fear of abandonment has caused him to irrationally fear any force outside of his parental relationship, including his brother. This affects his appraisal tendency, which is the way his brain perceives threats and relates to his aggression and depression (Gilbert, 2007, p. 47). This is the disconnect that is causing most of Preston’s issues. He feels threats that just are not there. He remains living with his parents, constantly vigilant of anyone that will take them away from him, including his brother. This has manifested itself in a sort of hyper-masculinity. Preston’s ego identifies no other way to express these abandonment issues other than with aggressiveness. Also, the fact that Preston’s aggression has continued to increase could be directly correlated with his parents aging. Perhaps he fears that not only could people take his parents away, but the fear that death is closing in on them. This could also be manifesting itself in Preston’s fear and frustration. Treatment Plan Goals for Counseling The goal for psychoanalytic therapy is to get Preston in touch with his subconscious. This serves to identify the root causes of his present issues. Preston will need to identify specific defense mechanisms that he created in childhood. The material that has shifted from the subconscious to the conscious will need to be readily identified (Murdock, 2013, p. 37). Once these mechanisms and thoughts are out in the open, it will be easier to discuss them and change present behavior. Interventions The fundamental intervention to employ with Preston will be â€Å"free association†. According to Murdock (2013), free association encourages the client to reveal whatever he is thinking even if it seems irrelevant or offensive (p. 49). This will be particularly helpful for Preston, and can reveal what his thought process is when he has these aggressive bouts. It seems that Preston has not been totally honest with himself. Free association can help him to bring out deep-rooted ideas for analysis and discussion. This intervention can provide logic and reason to the seemingly illogical thoughts he is experiencing. Establishing the Relationship I realized that Preston had issues in dealing with other males. I asked him if he would feel more comfortable dealing with a female counselor. He indicated that he did not react the same way to me as with other males. He stated that he realized that my sole purpose was to help him with his issues, and this made him not feel anxious or aggressive. I relayed that I was glad this was the case, but that I needed to be immediately notified if these sentiments changed. Whenever I felt that Preston was actually getting anxious or aggressive, I made him aware. I explained to him that he was projecting these feelings onto me, and that it was harmful to the counselor/client relationship. He quickly calmed down, and apologized. He seemed to genuinely understand my concern for his well-being. Analysis of Transference The occasions that Preston did display anxiousness/aggressiveness, he did seem to understand that he was doing so after it was brought to his attention. He realized that I was not causing his issues, and I attempted to apply this to his other personal relationships. We would analyze why he was feeling this way, and how it related to his childhood and parents. He came to the conclusion that if he did not get these feelings under control in session, then he was never going to get them under control outside of it. Insight Preston came to realize that he had subconscious issues regarding his adoption as a child. He understood that he was so shocked by learning he was adopted that he was afraid it was going to happen again. He learned that he was very afraid of losing his parents. He acknowledged that his aggressive outbursts were not about the people he was dealing with, but about his fear that his parents would somehow like them better and abandon him. Preston identified that this is not considered normal behavior for someone his age. He picked up various calming techniques, and needed to constantly remind himself that the issue was him, not others. I was able to assist Preston in identifying the root causes of different scenarios and emotions that he discussed. His visible anxiety and aggression seemed to be kept to a minimum. With his understanding of why he was experiencing these emotions, Preston seemed to be doing better in his daily life. He reports being able to hold a discussion with other males without feeling the need to be dominant. He has also taken steps in explaining his fears and issues with his parents. Conclusions The next main milestone for Preston will be to find a home of his own. This will take time and adjustment, but will be a great leap forward. Also, he is noticing some of the same issues he is dealing with in his brother. Hopefully, Preston can persuade his brother to seek the same sort of help that he has received. This will have to be gradual so as to not induce any sort of separation anxiety. However, if Preston continues with treatment and making positive choices, then he will be continuing on the path to recovery.

Importance of Internal Communication within an Organisation

Importance of Internal Communication within an Organisation Introduction What is internal communication? Internal communication in simple words is communicating with all the possible way and channels of communication within the organisation, there may be many departments, offices all over the country or globe, which includes ample of mass working, but the focus of this internal communication system should be that every person eligible for any new updates/upgrades or any other kind of change in the organisation which keeps on happening from time to time basis should be well communicated with all these mentioned above. Internal communication does not only mean communicating in some of the official ways such as meetings or conferences or updating through news letters or with putting just a white paper with some prints on a notice board where there are chances of it being neglected/oversight. As mentioned, it is not one way communication, hence here it is not only the top level management who communicates with the other but its the other way where there are constant interactions between all the levels of management with a valid meaning related to the working of the organisation. With all the communication ways such as meetings, memos, telecommunications, etc body language, pleasantries and gossip also play a very important role. How significant is internal communication? Internal communication is significant for building a strong block of the organisational culture. Internal communication system is designed in such a way that it should reach all the possible candidates in the organisation. These days the most priority in the organisation is effective internal communication. The more effective the internal communication within the organisation the more quick it is to communicate any changes happening in the company. Hence it then becomes easy for all the interactions between all the levels of management. Personal interaction is also an important key in the internal communication system. The best thing about this is again that communication flows in all directions rather then up to down or vice versa. Change within the organisation. Change being the only constant in every part of life, has to occur every place and any time in all the sections. Big firms it may be manufacturing based or service industry, all have multiple processes which functions and goes through thousands of transactions and activities every day. Greater the functioning of any organisation the more it tends to change policies and practices of particular process depending on the invention of technology and its implementation in the process from time to time. Development, expansion and diversification of the organisation also have a great impact of change in it. Government laws, change in the method of production, servicing methods, outside environment etc changes the overall functioning of the company. Change is also necessary for the organisations to grow in future. Old Hence the organisation in this perspective should make it a point that all the possible changes happening in the company are conveyed to all the candidates working for that particular part where the change has taken place. Steps involved in change and how communication should be handled at each level Clarity is the message to be delivered: The change is first communicated/known to the top level management or the immediate supervisor who is responsible for that part of work where implementation of the change happened is a necessity and should be conveyed to all related to it. These people who are responsible for sending message across should be clear about the message which is to be transmitted among others. Method: The method chosen for delivering the message should be proper i.e. should be accessible to all the people and by proper channel where all of them can understand its operation. In all it should suit the circumstances. It should be kept in mind that when the message is sent by the sender, after receiving it, the receiver should be open to communicate back in case of any doubts or questions to be raised regarding the same matter. Communication technology systems or other communication materials are available to use throughout the department/process where the message of change has to be conveyed. Complicated way or using hi-fi modern technology for communications may be a problem for some people, hence should be avoided in considering the steps for communication. Communication should be in a simplified, concise and precise form so that all the people can understand and actively take part. ( Ref. http://humanresources.about.com/od/changemanagement/a/change_lessons2.htm ) Effective internal communication Effective internal communication is where all the candidates, they may be the managers, employees or the volunteers who actively participates and are focused on the goals of the organisation and all involved has the same object to be established. Effective internal communications builds a strong bridge to efficient working and growing of the organisation. It also helps the working staff to identify the change properly and accomplish goals and missions, thus making a difference in the overall effort and efficiency of the company. Everyday effective communications reduces conflicts and contradicting ideas which and gives emphasis to what is important for the organisation. All the companies may not get all the benefits of the effective internal communication but its still helps the organisation build a strong culture where people involved are working towards a common goal. Different Communication Supports There are many types of communication supports that can be used within the organisation. They can be classified into many categories. Communication can be verbal, non-verbal, visual, audio and many others. CD-ROM/Pen Drives/Hard Drives/Flash Sticks :- Important or confidential communication are communicated by these devices personally. It can be used to transfer graphics, video, audio, codes, final statements, etc. Letters/memos/reports: this is based fto convey short meaningful message where some feedback is expected and this category can be classified as a interactive one. Meetings: Three or more people meeting personally, for growth of organisation and many other perspective. Manuals: Large volumes of information is reffered by manuals which are paper based documents. Audio tape/CD: Playback used for the training or any other stuff which uses cassette/CDs. Video: Playback of videos for explanation of the product or for a training purpose as well where VCR/DVD and other video players are used. Printed materials: Prints are taken on paper to distribute certain information. Fax: Copying the paper through telephonic systems from one place to another has been one of the important means of communication all over the world. This is one of the fastest means to send and receive documents. Intranet: The use of internet and web technology used within an organisation assumptions are made that audio and video cannot be transferred but is majorly used for business transactions and to send and receive files which convey a business meaning. Radio: Advertising of the organisation can be done through the broadcast of radio voice transmissions. E-mail: One of the best n modern means of communications to receive and send messages instantly all over the world within less than minute. This way of communication is used to also send documents, audio and videos. Video conferencing: Meeting of people with video and audio from a long distance for a business purpose. TV: Television can be used for many purposes of communications. Marketing and Advertising is done on a large scale all over. It is also used for visuals all over the organisation. Video conferencing is also uses TV as a means to see and communicate all over the world. One-to-ones: Face to face, meeting of two people, interviews, group discussions, debates, etc. Phone: Conversations between two or more people within the organisation or outside. ( Ref :- http://www.fastrak-consulting.co.uk/tactix/Tools/commtool/frameset.htm ) Impact of change in the communication process Any changes in the organisation has to be conveyed to all the people who are responsible for the implementation of the change happening. How to communicate this change is a point where the management has to have a proper plan/strategy. Change in this context can be confidential or general. Proper means of communication should be selected to communicate the change. There can be possibilities where the change cannot be communicated with the present communication means/tools in the organisation. Purchases of new communicative products may b necessary. Different means are supposed to be used communicating at each level of management, it is not necessary that all the change taking place is to be conveyed to all the employees. Hence it should be filtered and proper channels should be used accordingly. Example: Bank of America, where in the voice process there happens a lot of changes within short interval of time. It is based on the counselling/customer service/collection to/from the customers who has mortgage with the band. Different rules/programs/fluctuations in the interest rates/refinancing of loans etc used to take place very often. Communication in this context of change is not that easy for the managers as the schedule fixed for the working employees are logged in on the system and are on calls all the time of their shift. In between that they cannot be communicated with any urgent change. Hence the very next day/after the shift there is a briefing arranged for all the teams working under this process. This may lead to irrelevant/old information being conveyed to the customers as of that date and hence for some time being. Therefore, there is a big impact of change on the communication process which leads to passing of wrong information throughout the chain. Impact of change in the organisation makes communication a necessity calling a meeting to discuss as how to communicate this change. Hence this change to be communicated also starts with a communication process as meeting in this case. It starts when one feels uneasy or concerned about the situation of change within the organization or outside the organisation. Then one realises that some action needs to be taken to CHANGE the present situation. Studying the situation in depth and make a plan to convey the CHANGE for betterment . Implementing the plan by suitable action. Reviewing the situation and continuing the process after communicating it with all the employees responsible and give the training if required for the implementation of this change. ( Fenil Shah :- Senior Manager ATLASCOPCO ) Obstacles or challenges that can be met through the different communication supports used in an internal communication system in a context of change. Sender :- When the sender is not able to properly understand the change and still communicates. Either the message communicated is not proper or it has not been put down properly. Medium/channel :- Wrong selection of medium to send the message. Interruption or signal failure or server problems leads to improper internal communication. This regards in delay of message or inaccuracy of message to be communicated. Oversight :- Notices put up on the board may be overlooked by certain employees which gives a negative impact on the work where that particular change is to be implemented. Improper regard :- Management takes lightly to communicate this change on time resulting in delay or sometimes does not communicate due to overload of work and hence forgetting to convey the change. Language :- Language should be easy and in proper context so that everyone understands it. Audio :- Disturbance/Unclear audio may not convey message clearly which leaves a doubt of the listener. Fear :- Small employees who did not understand the change message may have the fear to go to the immediate supervisor and clear the doubts may be because of the fear of being insulted or improper relationship. Poor Listening Poor listening can sabotage any attempt at communication. We all do it: we hear a little and then fill in what we think the rest will be, without really listening to whats actually being said. Information source :- The source of information is the human mind. It is possible that if this source does not want to communicate the message as it has to be. There are chances he may make some alterations in the change which has to be made within the process. There are many other stages where loads of obstacles interrupt the communication process when there is a change. The statges may be lined as follows :- Outgoing message Transmitter Outgoing signal Channel Incoming signal Receiver Incoming message Destination ( Ref :- http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/lal/lal99/lal99-05.pdf ) The challenges that can be met when dealing with an international team Language :- Language can be a big challenge when dealing with the international team. Even if the language is the same, accent of speaking may have a huge difference which at once may be difficult to understand. Incase of language being different, it is very difficult then to communicate directly but should rather have a common team who deals with the translation of language and then forwards it to the people concerned. Example :- Bank of America, where in the voice process there is a special Spanish team to deal with the customers who does not know the language English. Culture :- time and space, personal responsibility and fate, face and face-saving, and nonverbal communication are much more complex than it is possible to convey. Each of them influences the course of communications, and can be responsible for conflict or the escalation of conflict when it leads to miscommunication or misinterpretation. A culturally-fluent approach to conflict means working over time to understand these and other ways communication varies across cultures, and applying these understandings in order to enhance relationships across differences. ( Ref:- http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/cross-cultural_communication/ ) Time Difference :- Communication may not be possible at all time when dealing with the team abroad. This is because of the time difference between the countries all over the world. Hence communication then becomes a problem for communicating or discussing some urgent business matter. Also in this case, getting a response for a certain message would take time and wont be quicker in cases urgent. These may bring limitations to the communication process as a whole. Recommendations Communicate consistently, frequently, and through multiple channels, including speaking, writing, video, training, focus groups, bulletin boards, Intranets, and more about the change. Communicate all that is known about the changes, as quickly as the information is available. Make clear that your bias is toward instant communication, so some of the details may change at a later date. Tell people that your other choice is to hold all communication until you are positive about the decisions. Provide significant amounts of time for people to ask questions, request clarification, and provide input. If you have been part of a scenario in which a leader presented changes, on overhead transparencies, to a large group, and then fled, you know what bad news this is for change integration. Clearly communicate the vision, the mission, and the objectives of the change management effort. Help people to understand how these changes will affect them personally. (If you dont help with this process, people will make up their own stories, usually more negative than the truth.) Recognize that true communication is a conversation. It is two-way and real discussion must result. It cannot be just a presentation. The change leaders or sponsors need to spend time conversing one-on-one or in small groups with the people who are expected to make the changes. Communicate the reasons for the changes in such a way that people understand the context, the purpose, and the need. Practitioners have called this: building a memorable, conceptual framework, and creating a theoretical framework to underpin the change. Provide answers to questions only if you know the answer. Leaders destroy their credibility when they provide incorrect information or appear to stumble or back-peddle, when providing an answer. It is much better to say you dont know, and that you will try to find out. Leaders need to listen. Avoid defensiveness, excuse-making, and answers that are given too quickly. Act with thoughtfulness. Make leaders and change sponsors available, daily when possible, to mingle with others in the workplace. . Communication should be proactive. If the rumor mill is already in action, the organization has waited too long to communicate. Provide opportunities for people to network with each other, both formally and informally, to share ideas about change and change management. Publicly review the measurements that are in place to chart progress in the change management and change efforts. Publicize rewards and recognition for positive approaches and accomplishments in the changes and change management. Celebrate each small win publicly. (Ref :- http://humanresources.about.com/od/changemanagement/a/change_lessons2.htm ) References (http://humanresources.about.com/od/changemanagement/a/change_lessons2.htm) (http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/cross-cultural_communication/) (http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/lal/lal99/lal99-05.pdf) (http://www.fastrak-consulting.co.uk/tactix/Tools/commtool/frameset.htm )

Lab Report Of The Cells :: essays research papers

Introduction: The Cell, the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa, others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multicellular organisms. In another words, without cells we wouldn’t be able to live or function correctly. There are Animal Cells and Plant Cells. In Biology class the other day we studied the Animal Cell. We were split into groups of our own and we each picked a different animal cell slide to observe. My group chose the slide,'; Smeared Frog Blood ';.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Animal Cell is a little bit different than the Plant Cell for only a couple of reasons. One is how the Plant Cell has a cell wall and the Animal Cell doesn’t. The cell wall protects and gives structure to the cell. Then there is the Nucleus, which serves as a control center for the cell. Inside the Nucleus there are one or more Nucleoli. They are dense, granular bodies that disappear at the beginning of cell division and reappear at the end. Then you have the Cytoplasm. This is the watery material lying within the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. The Cytoplasm also contains organelles, which have specific functions in the cell metabolism. Then there are the Golgi Bodies, which serve as processing, packaging, and storage for the cell. These organelles package and ship things out. Another parts of the cell, a very important one in fact, are the Lysosomes. These organelles are used to break things down and contain enzymes. Method: First we placed the slide under the simple microscope and observed it at ten times magnification level. We each took turns looking. We then copied them as drawings into our Cornell notebooks. After that we changed the magnification to fifty times and observed the slide. We each took turns looking. We then copied what we saw into our Cornell notebooks. After that we changed the magnification level to sixty times and we each took turns looking at the slide. We then copied what we saw into our Cornell notebooks and sat down together. When we were all done drawing we spoke about what we seen and gave each other ideas on how to write our Lab Reports. Conclusion: In conclusion I have noticed that without cells we wouldn’t be able to function or neither without cell theory because we would not know how to treat our body or our cells.

Freedom :: essays research papers fc

Freedom? Kate Chopin's The Awakening is a story of Edna Pontellier, wife and mother. It is a novel about the choices one will makes to protect one's personal freedom. The story is based on a time in history when women did just what they were expected to do. They were expected to be good daughters, good wives, and good mothers. A woman was expected to move from the protection of her father's roof to the protection of her husband. Edna, our protagonist, doesn’t fit this mold. She searches to find her place in a constraining society, one that doesn’t allow for a woman to have freedom. Personal freedom is freedom from the confines of society, oneself, and finally freedom within one’s soul. As the book begins, Edna is a married woman who seems vaguely satisfied with her life, and cannot find true happiness. She is bound by the confines of a loveless marriage, unfulfilled, unhappy, and locked away like a caged bird. During her summer at Grand Isle she is confronted with herself in her truest nature, and she is swept away by passion and love for someone she cannot have, Robert Lebrun. She begins to realize that she can play roles other than wife and mother. We watch as she struggles to determine how to act on the things she is feeling, the eternal conflict she is dealing with. She wants to understand her need for personal freedom, a freedom that questions conventional demands of both men and women. We watch in the novel as Edna finds her freedom initially in the ocean. In the beginning she does not know how to swim, but she learns and through this learning feels what it is like to have freedom. In the water she is not captive and held down by the world around her. She sees she is capable of doing this on her own, that she is strong and powerful and independent. Edna’s self-discovery awakens her, and she is able to greet her own soul, a soul filled with passion, sexuality, and strength. The images of nature, which serve as a symbol for freedom of the soul, are brought about when Edna speaks of growing up on a Mississippi plantation where life was simple, blissful, and peaceful. Edna remembers life when she was young, engulfed in nature and freedom, â€Å"The hot wind beating in my face made me think-without any connection that I can trace-of a summer day in Kentucky, of a meadow that seemed as big as the ocean to the very little girl walking through the grass, which was higher than her waist.

Busting Bureaucracy with Radical Management: Forbes Magazine Article Cr

Busting Bureaucracy with Radical Management: Forbes Magazine Article Critique The article written by Steve Denning is covered in Forbes magazine to display the innovative and forward thinking studies that delves into why the Max Weber structure of management fails in today's management model (Daniels, 2010). The article is not complex and does not create a new basis, but rather reconstitutes the six bureaucratic principals developed by Weber in the early 1900’s (Daniels, 2010). With the six principals as a solid foundation, Denning (2011) explains and proves a modern fit, custom tailored, model of management for the 21st century. Statement of the Problem Since the early 1900’s the principals of the bureaucratic management structure have been bred into all white-collar hotshots. This type of management model was ideal with respect to the economical and social environment of that time period. While Webers six principals have stayed the same, the economical and social environment has changed exponentially in time with our societies’ technological advances (Dennings, 2011). With a new society, what was feasible in the 1900’s does not sit well in the 21st century. This type of management hinders rather than helps, for example, Jones (2010) explains, that an over-developed bureaucracy can delay decision-making procedures and increase costs due to a tall and centralized type of hierarchy structure in an organization. When there is a multilayered wall of officialdom between the problem and the solution, this waste of time and causes unneeded corporate stress. Moreover, Denning states that the default mental model o f management is not conducive for the once successful bureaucratic management methods (Forbes, 2011). Descripti... ...lateau with their shareholders or managers. Either way, there are a vast amount of inconclusive variables that could have accounted for the drastic display of data over the ten-year span. Works Cited Denning, S. (2011). Busting Bureaucracy with Radical Management | Management Innovation eXchange. Hack Management 2.0 | Management Innovation eXchange. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http://www.managementexchange.com/blog/busting-bureaucracy-radical- management Jones, G. (2010). Organizational, Theory, Design, and Change. Upper Saddle River: Pearson. (Original work published 2001) The MIX: Busting Bureaucracy with Radical Management - Forbes. (2011). Information for the World's Business Leaders - Forbes.com. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2011/12/05/the-mix-busting-bureaucracy- with-radical-management/

Outline and Evaluate the Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality

Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic model of abnormality. (12 Marks) The psychodynamic model (which is based on Freud’s theories) states that abnormalities are results of a conflict which has gone wrong in the â€Å"psyche† (in the mind). Freud’s idea states that the psyche – which is made up of the (id, ego and superego), should all work in perfect harmony with each other to avoid being an abnormal person.It is the idea that conscious thoughts and feelings are determined by the unconscious mind, and essentially being mentally healthy requires a good balance between: the id (which controls the desires for which we live for in order to satisfy ourselves), the superego (which takes into consideration morals and the difference between right and wrong) and the ego (which balances the superego and id to keep our behaviour in check).From these 3 components in the psyche, you can quickly see that the id and superego are constantly in conflict. This ultimately means that for a person to not develop a psychological disorder – a strong ego is necessary as it will â€Å"get the best of both worlds† and create a balance, while allowing the superego and id to express themselves (when suitable), without dominating the personality and hence, causing a psychological disorder.An example of an abnormality which could occur from the id being too strong in kids (is developing conduct disorders). In adults (they become psychopaths), all because of the personality being taken over by the id. If the superego is too strong socially acceptable pleasures will be hard to come by as neurotic behaviours such as phobias and obsessions will be apparent, as they will be constantly fixated with things that they want to do but â€Å"cant† because their too scared.Freud thought that the childhood of an individual was essential in the development of personality and that all abnormal behaviours are linked to childhood. There are different ages as sociated with different stages. An example of this is the oral stage which usually happens between (0-18 months) – the focus of pleasure is the mouth (feeding or dummy) and if this is fixated upon, this could lead to overeating or smoking in order to comfort themselves and their mouth. Another example is the anal stage (2-4 years).A conflict may arise when potty training as if the child receives either excessive punishment or the parents are too lenient during this stage it can lead to a fixation which will be taken to adult life. The end result could either be a person who has an anal retentive personality (stubborn perfectionist obsessed with tidiness) or an anal repulsive personality (messy person with no self-control), according to Freud. The evaluation of Freud’s model is that many detailed pieces of data were obtained as it was a case study.The findings did support Freud’s hypotheses and theories. However Freud’s ideas were very subjective as not mu ch – if any scientific data was produced to back his work up. This therefore raises question marks over the reliability of his findings and theories. Also the evidence from the case study came from his own patients who could compel us to think that his results are unreliable, as his patients may have been biased and essentially gave the answers Freud wanted, because they were his patients.

Computer Use in Early Childhood Education Essay

surcharge The importance of the kidskins growing in proto(prenominal) days of discipline has r severallyed the st grow where it plows critical that breakedness classs be gets a global issue. Understanding changes and belowtaking animal(prenominal) exercise is fundamental in work-age child instruct. The project of this article is to increase our perception on the divergent effects of employ calculating motorcar engineering science in archeozoic puerility imbedting. In answering the question What is the take of preparation?I started at that m from the observation that man lives in a earthly concern of objects which influence him and which he wishes to influence, and so he essential know these objects in their characteristics, their essence and their relation to wholeness whatever virgin(prenominal) and to mankind. Friedrich Froebel Keywords too soon electric razorishness, computing machine, applied science refining, computer program germ inal activity Throughout commandal themeing, world philosophers assimilate wrestled with understanding the myriad of questions and paradoxs surrounding the pedagogy of societys children.Historic aloney, umpteen a(prenominal) archaean childishness educators support the idea that children should be trained as soon as attainable to become productive members of the bigger society so that the cultural inheritance of the society could be preserved from times to generation this cultural im direct possible action has been prevalent done with(predicate)out the program lineal history of the world (Staff, 1998. too soon Years of commandment proto(prenominal) puerility preparation is the consideration comm only roled to describe the bollock teaching and c atomic number 18 of juvenile children by people varied than their family or in settings outside of the home.The ontogenesisal definition of proterozoic childishness culture spans the human livingspan from ancestry to grow eight. However, typically archaean childhood pedagogics covers the achievement from birth to when a child starts school and this quarter be as first as five years of years as in parvenu Zealand. This time period is widely considered the about vulnerable and life-and-death do of a persons life. The archean years of childhood argon receiving increased public heed rough the world.Issues on providing quality service and ensuring a good foundation for lifelong reading is generating a new coverest in the schoolman alliance by adapting different a priori perspective, pedagogy and philosophical system. at that place atomic number 18 several key components to understanding how newfangled children reckon, and therefore how they requirement to be taught. In saucy Zealand, the crop of creating the other(a) childhood political platform was inspired by the induction of non only a bi cultural society but a multi cultural and multi racial society. pl anCurriculum is defined in Te Wha?riki as the sum enumerate of the ensures, activities and events, whether direct or indirect, which occur at heart an environment frameed to foster childrens acquisition and culture (Ministry of teaching, 1996, p. 10 cited in Nutall, 2003). This definition of curriculum as e actuallything that happens is admit in the curriculum theory publications (e. g. Cornbleth, 1990 cited in Nutall, 2003) and it is a description that resonates with the holistic, child- concentred philosophy of primordial childhood knowledge in New Zealand. The central comportation of Te Wha?riki is that early childhood centres and services go out articulate their curriculum in a conscious, culturally situated raceway. (Nutall, 2003). The implementation of Te Wha? riki, which was inspired by The Socio Cultural Constructivism commandment of Vygotzsky, introduced the early childhood instructors in New Zealand to the most recent curriculum tradition. oneness of th e reasons socio-cultural approaches resonate with instructors in childc ar centres is the way in which children atomic number 18 understood to be learning through their experiences in the centre, including act happenings much(prenominal) as play and mealtimes.(Nutall, 2003) indoors this pedagogy, both the teachers and students atomic number 18 understood to be engaged in a carry through of actively constructing knowledge, through their interactions with time, space, objects and people. Children learn through collaboration with adults and peers, through guided amour and observation of others, as sound as through man-to-man exploration and reflection. There atomic number 18 five different developingal do chief(prenominal)s of children which all relate to each other.They ar easily referred to as the SPICE of life Social Refers mostly to the ability to sour attachments, play with others, co-operation and sharing, and being able to name lasting relationships with others. Physical reading of finely (small) and Gross ( enlarged) Motor Skills. Intellectual The process of making find of the world rise up-nigh them. Creative The ripening of special abilities creating talents. Music, Art, Writing, Reading, and sing be all shipway for creative development to take place.Emotional ontogeny of self-aw arness, self-confidence, and coping with feelings as well as understanding them. http//www. teachingexpertise. com/articles/ estimators-and-early-years-1124 According to Yelland (1999), Educators beliefs such as Montessori, Isaacs, Froebel, and Steiner, has led to early childhood programs that are characterized by their adherence to such handed-d endure gotistic principles, manifested in un structure environments, informal contexts, and learning through active exploration and play.Indeed, early pioneers such as Montessori advocated relatively structured learning opportunities, whereas Froebels views supported a less formal structure. However, bo th Froebel and Montessori seemed to acquiesce that children learned most effectively from self-reliant activities that gave them a high level of give voice-so and ownership. applied science teaching Technology schooling all over the world is evolving dramatically in a really sporting phase as international academic institutions search the implication of their present condition and the rate they are progressing as compared to other developed countries.It is quite safe to say that, it is the brewing competition over the order of the applied science education, which comprises the curriculum that is congruous the master(prenominal) catalyst to these rapid changes. This notion could set the trend on how earliest Childhood Curriculum should be designed and be implemented. What should be the content of this curriculum to encourage the children be prepared for applied science education? Is the desegregation of proficient tools upright to the learning outcomes of the stu dents? ar computers developmentally abstract to early childhood students?. Introduction of these devices and in few(a) cases integration of the engross of the engineering in the existing curriculum has been a abundant ground for global arguments. What brought this massive rotation to this twenty-four hour periods education is perspicuous to how fast the world is ever-changing. Change is undeniable and sometimes predictable as it may seem, most of us provide whitewash be caught unaware and mislaid. As members of the community allone takes helping in the development of tomorrows citizens.The early childhood domain has been heavily influenced by dismantleicular views of child development and how children learn. Such views are oftentimes based on developmental psychological science and seek to develop practices that are developmentally take into account (Hirsh, 2004, cited in Zevenbergen & Logan , 2008) The author believed that whether traditional or technology educ ation, students experiences, social influence, and development are the main considerations on the part of the educators/teachers approach in delivering knowledge and evaluating learning outcomes.There boast been several studies and articles (Cordes & Miller, 2000 Haugland, 2000 Plotz, 2007) on arguments astir(predicate) the content of technology in early childhood, or the permit age to expose children to computers. Regardless what the parents thoughts are, whether or not they choose to expose their children to computers, eventually they will be introduced to technology when they enter school. To this day it is still un certain(a) on whether or not extensive uptake of computers for young people could be detrimental to their being, forciblely, socially and intellectually to say the least.What is certain is that technology is at hand and here to stay. Computers are increasingly present in early childhood education settings. Toward the end of the 1980s, only one-fourth of licensed pre schools had computers. Today intimately every preschool has a computer, with the ratio of computers to students changing from 1125 in 1984 to 122 in 1990 to 110 in 1997. This last ratio gibees the marginal ratio that is favourable to social interaction (Clements and Nastasi 1993 Coley et al. 1997).In the event that the hire of this technology could be measured in education settings, what are we to assume or expect in the different household settings. nary(prenominal)one knows the exact number of computers in each and every particular household. Are Computers Developmentally Appropriate? There are umteen investigateers, ar jobments, and other programs that recognize the benefits of victimisation computers with young children. One major lifter of children and technology is the National joining for the commandment of fresh Children (NAEYC).They created a lengthy position statement on Technology and junior children that states, The potential benefits of technology for young childrens learning and development are well documented (1996). Susan Haugland, a professor of child development and president of K. I. D. S. & Computers, Inc. , has done research and recently published an article about the benefits of technology called, Computers and novel Children. In this article, Susan states that an abstract age to introduce children to computers is at age 3.She withal goes on to state that, children 3 and 4 years of age are developmentally ready to explore computers, and most early childhood educators see the computer centre as a semiprecious activity centre for learning. Children this age are developmentally within Pia allows preoperational stage. This substance they are concrete learners who are very interested in exploitation impudently learned symbolic representation speaking, writing, picture (including maps and geometric figures) and employ numbers. Children this age are extremely active and mobile.They often have difficulty sitting sti ll they need frequent changes in learning modalities and they indirect request a variety of physical experiences involving dance, physical play, climbing and sports. Pre operational children are likewise are continuing their mastery of language, and exploring versatile facets of social behavior. Another large organization that supports technology in early childhood education is NETC (Northwest educational Technology Consortium). They created a resource website for educators and providers called, archeozoic Connections Technology in Early Childhood Education.This website offers information on how to implement technology into child manage centres, preschools, kindergarten, primary grades, and in before/ afterward school programs. They also offer suggestions on classroom arrangement, software package product selection, health & safety, hardware, and other resources. However, I think the most precious information they offer is how technology is associate to learning and the cur riculum. They state that one of the main benefits of computer use is because it enhances the five development domains social and emotional, language, motor, and cognitive skills (Early Connections, education and Development, n.d. ).understandably many of these developmental postulate match up well with inhibit use of technology in the classroom, especially exploration, exercise of symbolic representation, matching alternative learning styles, and quickly changing learning modalities that individual students rear end control and pace to jibe their individual need. It is also a very the right way tool for students with particularised learning disabilities (Wardle,1999). If the aspiration for a certain age child is to learn to write ad hominem journals, then the computer can of course support that through writing software, digital cameras, and other methods.A science aspiration that requires learning the solar system can be augmented by using specific CD ROMS and accessin g web sites. Similarly, perusing extinct and endangered animals becomes more(prenominal) real and educational through the use of specific software and web sites. Lee and ORourke (2006), reported an Australian project on ICT use in Early Childhood setting, they discussed that teachers experimented with a range of activities and, in retentiveness with Piagetian perspectives of early development and learning, assay to connect concrete experiences with those experiences children accessed on the computer.An cause of this is the work done in one early childhood centre with the software Millies Math House Build-A-Bug. The children created a critter on the software and then recreated it in 3D using playdough, matchsticks and other collage materials. Making a connection surrounded by the image and the object was a powerful tool for engaging reluctant learners and the teacher was encouraged by the student repartee to the experience.Another example of this type of experience was develop ed by a teacher in a rural pre-school centre who used the program Sammys comprehension House Workshop to design, catch and follow a toy or machine. The children were invited to design a machine using the software and to describe what its function was. The teacher suggested that some children might like to build the machine out of materials of their choice. The use of computers in a fully integrated classroom is endless. software package can be used to see not only the learners but the teachers as well in so many ship canal.Although research has proven many beneficial reasons to include technology in early childhood programs, there are many who believe that computers are not appropriate and could have harmful effects on young children. Jane Healy, an educational psychologist, wrote a give-and-take called, Failure to Connect How Computers Affect Our Childrens Minds- for Better and Worse (1998), in the confine she states that children should be 7 before introducing them to compu ters payable to the harmful effects of computer use on their development.Her view is one that is dual-lane with another large organization, The alliance for Childhood. The concretion for Childhood published a large report, Fools Gold A Critical cipher at Computers in Childhood, which claims computers can have damaging consequences for children under age 7 in call of their health, social relationships, and intellectual development (Cordes & Miller, 2000, pg. 3). In this report they stated that, Computers in childhood may expose children to the risk of a broad range of developmental setbacks (Cordes & Miller, 2000, pg.3).A wide array of experts release a statement about the ways computers are reshaping childrens lives, at home and at school, in profound and unexpected ways. They express that the use of technology is a distraction from the urgent social and educational needs of the low income children. And concludes with the following statement, Those who place their assent in technology to solve the problems of education should look more deeply into the needs of children.The renewal of education requires in-person attention to students from good teachers and active parents, strongly supported by their communities. It requires commitment to developmentally appropriate education and attention to the full range of childrens real, low-tech needs physical, emotional, and social, as well as cognitive (The bond for Childhood, 2000. ) While both views provide compel arguments, one can not forfend the obvious fact that technology will continue to evolve and will become a more significant part of the daily life.Use of technology in the early childhood program must not be a goal unto itself the purpose is not to teach children how to use computers they can do this as they get older, just as they can learn to drive a car afterward in their lives (Wardle, 1999). Appropriate use of technology in the classroom is to expand, enrich, implement, individualize, diffe rentiate, and extend the boilers suit curriculum. Computers are not to replace physical play, outdoor exploration of the community and of constitution art, music and dance learning specific social skills and moral values, and experiencing diversity in a myriad of ways.Common sense suggests that we consider the potential harm, as well as the promised benefits, of this change and not gush forward with computer usage in childhood. As an educator we always indispensability the best learning outcome for our students, and to extensively use whatever possible ways to achieve this goal. The only true education comes through the stimulation of the childs powers by the demands of the social military posts in which he finds himself. (James, 2005) Teachers Perception on the use of Computer Technology wrong the classroom.One more compelling issue as regards to the use of technology in early years of education is the preparedness of the early childhood teachers in the use of technology insi de their classrooms. Hsiac (2003) stated that the most outstanding flavour of good early childhood program is its teacher, as classrooms practices are influenced by teachers beliefs. may (1997, 2000) has traced this rich heritage of multiple ideological, theoretical and pragmatic influences, showing how each serial trend has disputed early childhood teachers to go over their practice.(Cited in Nutall, 2003) Fact is not all early childhood teachers embraces the idea of technology education, some of them are faced with honourable dilemma in the use of information technology, (Myers & Miller 1996). According to Morrison (2007) there are, triad challenges confronting early childhood teachers when implementing effective programs using technology in their instruction 1. ) Their own personal hopeance of technology, 2. ) Confidence that technology has a dictatorial influence on children, and 3. ) Decisions about how to use technology in early childhood programs and classrooms (pg. 383).Its important for teachers to accept technology and learn how to use it effectively. (cited in Plotz, 2007). Nutalls (2003) research suggests to explore some provisions of frequent opportunities for teachers to make explicit their knowledge and assumptions about their role. As well as ideas about how children learn through the various aspects of their daily life. Furthermore, such research must take into account the way in which teachers in early childhood constantly teach each other about the deeply inter subjective and interpretive task of functional with very young children.Aside from personal struggle there were also some issues being raised in concord with the role of early childhood teachers in technology education. Gibbons (2006) mention some tensions in the mid(prenominal)dlest of the early childhood educators and the government sector which in becoming a challenge for teachers and in one way or another becomes one of the reason for the sabotage of the their readi ness and compliance of the task. Teachers as well as student possessed certain individuality the trust that teachers should mark to their students ability, will not be the same as students will adjust to their teachers ability.As teachers we are given the higher(prenominal) responsibility of being, according to Vygotzsky, the more well-read other. Complex as it may be or to others simple as it may seem, early childhood teachers should take a step ahead to deliver this evoke educational demand. Its important for teachers to accept technology and learn how to use it effectively. Morrison (2007) offers these guidelines for educators (pg. 384) uprise yourself on the potential benefits of computers and technology.Be spontaneous to try new ways of using technology to help your children learn new knowledge and skills. Collaborate with colleagues in your school and school district to explore ways to use technology. Collaborate with parents and community members, many of whom have skill s that you can use and apply. It is also important for teachers to have a positive attitude toward technology to create an appropriate classroom environment. Children will have a difficult time embracing technology if their teacher doesnt approach the situation with a positive outlook.Summary and coda Endless as it may seem, the on-going issue of Information and conversation Technology in Early Childhood Education is giving the community of education a more clear and vivid guidelines on the process of creating, conceptualising and implementing policies and standards suitable to each and every environment. Immense concerns coming from diversity of culture and practice takes place. Analysing the impact of using technology in early childhood classrooms have established a variety of implications on different members of the academic community.Teachers, students, policy makers, writers and researchers, centre, and of course the ministry have presented diverse opinions and views on diff erent aspects over this highly arguable issue. Because of the ongoing conflict of interests, the government of New Zealand curiously the Ministry of Education have gone through a major curriculum reforms booster cable to the development of a national technology curriculum. Technology in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education 1995) became mandatory for all schools in February 1999.The development of the national technology education policy and the way in which the curriculum was developed, was described in an article by Jones(2003). This curriculum area will be compulsory for all students from years 110. Aside from Jones (2003), the evidence of issue concerning the integration of Information Technology in Early Childhood Education curriculum is becoming countless Gibbons (2006), Compton & Hardwood (2005), Zebenbergen & Logan (2008), Walters & Fehring (2009), Mawson (2007) to cite a few, and of course publications from the Ministry of Education (1993), (1995) and (1996) i s as substantial.Recent development in Early Childhood Education offers exciting opportunities for exploration on how these technological tools will continue to improve childrens learning development and provides new stage to discover different aspects of teachers role. The challenge for parents and educators is to defend a balance on the possible huge and massive effect of this ongoing evolution in technology education. * sketch journal article for supranational journal for Early Years References Clements, D. H. , and Nastasi, B. K. (1992). 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