Turkish Economy Essay examples -- essays research papers

Turkish Economy - Structure and GrwothAt the time of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire during World fight I, the Turkish economy was beneath essential kitchen-gardening depended on outmoded techniques and poor-quality livestock, and the few factories producing staple fiber products such as sugar and flour were under foreign control. amongst 1923 and 1985, the economy grew at an average annual rate of 6 percent. In large case as a result of government policies, a backward economy developed into a complex scotch arranging producing a wide range of agricultural, industrial, and service products for both domestic and export markets.Economic DevelopmentAt the birth of the republic, Turkeys industrial base was indistinct because Ottoman industries had been undermined by the capitulations. World War I and the War of emancipation (1919-22) also had extensively disrupted the Turkish economy. The loss of Ottoman territories, for example, tell apart off Anatolia from traditional m arkets. Agricultural output--the source of income for most of the population--had dropped sharply as peasants went to war. Even the production of wheat, Turkeys main crop, was insufficient to meet domestic demand. In addition, massacres and the emigration of Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, who had dominated urban economic life, caused a shortage of masterly laborers and entrepreneurs.Turkeys economy recovered remarkably once hostilities ceased. From 1923 to 1926, agricultural output move by 87 percent, as agricultural production returned to prewar levels. industry and services grew at more than 9 percent per year from 1923 to 1929 however, their care of the economy remained quite low at the end of the decade. By 1930, as a result of the world depression, external markets for Turkish agricultural exports had collapsed, do a sharp decline in national income. The government stepped in during the early 1930s to promote economic recovery, following a precept known as etatism (see Glos sary). Growth slowed during the worst years of the depression entirely between 1935 and 1939 reached 6 percent per year. During the 1940s, the economy stagnated, in large part because maintaining armed neutrality during World War II increased the countrys troops expenditures while almost entirely curtailing foreign trade.After 1950 the country suffered economic disruptions about once a decade the most serious crisis occurred in the late... ...h.Structure of the EconomyIn the years after World War II, the economy became capable of supplying a much broader range of goods and services. By 1994 the industrial sector accounted for just under 40 percent of GDP, having surpassed agriculture (including forestry and fishing), which contributed about 16 percent of production. The rapid shift in industrys recounting importance resulted from government policies in effect since the 1930s favoring industrialization (see fig. 8). In the early 1990s, the government aimed at continued increases in industrys share of the economy, especially by means of export promotion.Services increased from a baseborn fraction of the economy in the 1920s to just under one-half of GDP by 1994. Several factors accounted for the growth of the services sector. Government--already sizable under the Ottomans--expanded as defense expenditures rose health, education, and welfare programs were implemented and the government scat force was increased to staff the numerous new public organizations. Trade, tourism, transportation, and pecuniary services also became more important as the economy developed and diversified. ________________________________________